Pilot Testing Of HHO Car Kit Fuel Economy And Power | SENZA

Hydrogen Generator For Car

The application of hydrogen in engines mainly includes pure hydrogen internal combustion engines and hydrogen-oxygen internal combustion engines. Both methods can achieve higher combustion efficiency and lower emissions than traditional gasoline and diesel engines.
Shelef et al. [1] conducted experimental studies on pure hydrogen, gasoline, and electric engines. The results show that pure hydrogen internal combustion engines have the highest energy efficiency. Using hydrogen as an internal combustion engine fuel can effectively improve the economy and emissions of internal combustion engines. The hydrogen internal combustion method does not require major changes to the engine structure, the modification cost is low, and it is suitable for social vehicles. Therefore, internal hydrogen combustion is regarded as a simple and feasible way to realize the improvement of internal combustion engine power and an effective technical means for energy saving and emission reduction.
Hydrogen energy is applied to internal combustion engines. In addition to solving the problem of burning pure hydrogen or hydrogen-doped fuel in internal combustion engines, the production and storage of hydrogen is also a major problem. Due to the incomplete infrastructure of hydrogen stations at home and abroad, filling hydrogen is still very difficult. A large amount of high-pressure hydrogen storage will also bring serious safety hazards. Therefore, pure hydrogen internal combustion is widely used in social vehicles. However, it’s not realistic to run on it. The hydrogen-oxygen internal combustion engine, which uses hydrogen and oxygen as an auxiliary fuel, is mixed with gasoline to provide energy for the engine. The consumption of hydrogen and oxygen is not large and does not need to be stored in a large amount in the car. The onboard hydrogen production system can be used to produce hydrogen in real time to supply it to the engine. In terms of engine structure, the hydrogen-oxygen-doped internal combustion engine does not need to modify the engine. The hydrogen-oxygen combustion can be achieved only by adding a hydrogen intake pipe to the engine air intake, which can be widely used in social vehicles. Therefore, the hydrogen-doped oxygen internal combustion engine is a more reasonable application method for hydrogen to be used in automobiles at present.

Hydrogen And Conventional Fossil Fuels

Studies have shown that hydrogen, as renewable green energy, has four times the diffusivity and five times the flame propagation speed of gasoline. Table 1-1 gives the fog of hydrogen and other fossil fuels’ chemical and combustion characteristics. Hydrogen with this characteristic is considered one of the ideal alternative fuels for ignition internal combustion engines [2-4]. Compared with natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol, and other alternative fuels, hydrogen does not contain carbon atoms. Therefore, it will not produce hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide emissions during combustion. With stable combustion, NOx emissions are also reduced. In addition, the high diffusivity of hydrogen allows the fuel of the internal combustion engine to have a higher degree of uniformity in the mixture and promotes the rapid and full combustion of the fuel. Therefore, the internal combustion engine can also obtain a shorter combustion duration than traditional gasoline and diesel engines, which helps to improve the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

Fuel	Hydrogen	Gasoline	Diesel	Natural Gas
Air fuel ratio	34.3	14.6	14.5	17.1
Minimum ignition energy（mJ)	0.02	0.24	–	0.28
Autoignition Temperature（K）	858	530	493	632.2
Flame propagation velocity（cm/s）	237	41.5	30	37.3
Burning concentration limit（Air vol%）	4.1-75	1.5-7.6	0.7-5	5.1-15
Net heat value（MJ/kg）	120	44	42.7	32.5

HHO Car Kit Installed On Car

1.HHO Car Kit

The working voltage of the PEM hydrogen generator is 5V, and the transformer converts the 12V voltage of the car battery into a 5V voltage output, which is supplied to the PEM hydrogen generator for electrolysis of pure water, generates hydrogen and oxygen, and filters the water through a water-gas separation bottle. Then, finally, it is reintroduced to the engine to allow the air and gasoline to mix and burn.

2.Car

The hydrogen generator used in this test is a four-cylinder, 2.0L turbocharged engine produced by GAC Group. The specific parameters of the original engine are shown in Table engine parameter.

Detail	Value
Displacement（ml）	1991
Intake method	Turbocharge
Cylinder arrangement	Inline
Number of cylinders	4
Power（kw）	185
Horespower（ps）	252
Alimentation	Direct injection

3.Test Instrument

Vehicle diagnosis computer

The car diagnostic computer can monitor the values of various engine parameters in real-time, including parameters such as ignition advance angle, fuel injection pulse width, and throttle opening.

IC for ignition angle control

The ignition advance angle significantly influences the performance of the ignition engine, and the ignition angle that is too advanced or too retarded will adversely affect the engine’s performance. This paper also adjusts the ignition angle of the engine by matching the computer control for the machine after hydrogen mixing and studies the effect of the ignition advance angle on the engine’s performance equipped with the HHO car kit. The computer manually adjusts the ignition advance angle of the engine within a safe range according to the relevant parameter signals of the engine and the vehicle, as well as the hydrogen and oxygen content.

Horsepower Dynamometer

The horsepower dynamometer measures the horsepower and torque of the whole vehicle, and the maximum test power is 400 kilowatts. The primary research is to measure the influence of hydrogen car kits on car dynamic performance.

Research On Performance Of HHO Gasoline Engine Under Fixed Conditions

We conducted a step-by-step study on a gasoline engine equipped with a PEM hydrogen generator and a complete vehicle. We chose two representative fixed speed conditions and two absolute intake pressures for testing. 1500rpm is selected to represent the low-speed operating conditions of the engine in urban road conditions, and 2000 rpm is set for the suburban and high-speed operating conditions. For intake manifold absolute pressure MAP, when the throttle valve is fully open, MAP is comparable to atmospheric pressure, and MAP is proportional to the engine load. In the experiment, 45kPa, and 70kPa were selected to represent the medium-low and medium-high load conditions, respectively. The two-speed conditions and the two load conditions were grouped in pairs to form four different conditions. They are 1500rpm and 45kPa, 1500rpm and 70kPa, 2000rpm and 45kPa, 2000rpm and 70kPa, respectively.
In the experiment, the engine speed and the absolute pressure of the intake pipe, MAP, were stabilized under four operating conditions, respectively. The PEM hydrogen generator was electrolyzed to generate hydrogen and oxygen, which were introduced into the engine for combustion. The ignition submission angle of the original vehicle was used in the experiments to ensure comparability of the experiments. As the amount of hydrogen and oxygen increases, if the engine knocks, the increase of hydrogen and oxygen gas is stopped to protect the vehicle engine. When the MAP is 45kPa, six different flow rates of 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750ml/min are selected for the hydrogen and oxygen production rate of the proton exchange hydrogen generator; when the MAP is 70kPa, the hydrogen and oxygen production rate are also chosen as 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750ml/min these four flow rates. During the test, ensure that the parameters are stable, and then record the power index of the car engine from the horsepower dynamometer.

Test Results

Effect of HHO Increase on Gasoline Engine Power

The output torque is an important indicator to measure the engine’s power performance. Under the same conditions, the more excellent the torque output, the better the power performance. Under the rotational speed of 1500rpm and 2000rpm and MAP of 45kPa, with the increase of hydrogen and oxygen intake, the torque of the engine changes and correlates. As shown in the figure, under medium and low load conditions, the increase of hydrogen and oxygen content increases torque. Under the low concentration of hydrogen and oxygen, the torque increase is more significantly improved. When the speed is 1500rpm, the torque increases with the increase of hydrogen and oxygen content, from 23Nm to 29Nm, and the torque increases by 26%. When the speed is 2000rpm, the torque gradually increases from 21Nm to 26Nm with the increase of hydrogen and oxygen content, and the torque increases by 24%.

Analysis of the reasons for this phenomenon: Two main factors cause the change in torque: the heat release of the reaction and the thermal efficiency. When HHO increases, the combustion efficiency of the fuel in the engine improves, and the total amount of fuel combustion rises. The temperature and pressure in the cylinder increase at the same time, the efficiency of the engine work is increased, and the thermal efficiency is improved. The increase of HHO will increase the calorific value of the mixture, which can improve the output power of the engine and increase the torque.
Under medium and high load conditions, the relationship between the increase in hydrogen and oxygen content and the engine torque at 1500rpm and 2000rpm can be seen in the figure. Under medium and high load conditions, the increase of HHO will promote the increase of torque. At 1500rpm, the increase in HHO pushes torque from 71Nm to 86Nm, a 21% increase in torque. When the speed is 2000rpm, the torque increases from 69Nm to 83Nm with the increase of HHO, and the torque increases by 20%. The increase in HHO makes the engine thermal efficiency significantly improved. Therefore, when HHO increases, torque increases with it.

Research on Output Torque of HHO Car Kit

The torque output of the vehicle is the most direct reflection of the effect of the hydrogen-oxygen combustion method on the engine. SENZA purpose is to design and manufacture an HHO car kit system for social vehicles. The driver is naturally most concerned about the most direct effect of the system on the vehicle, and the power performance is what the owner really wants. In this test, the horsepower output of the original car and the horsepower output of the whole vehicle after the HHO car kit system were respectively tested. The picture shows that the original car only has a power output of 89 horsepower at 2640rpm under the condition of rapid acceleration; after the HHO car kit is equipped, the engine starts to have a power output of 82 horsepower at 2300rpm, and the vehicle starts faster than the original car. When the engine speed of the original car was 2640rpm, the output torque was 238 Nm and the horsepower was 89 hp; after the HHO car kit was installed, the output torque of the engine was increased to 293 Nm and the output horsepower was increased to 110 hp at the same speed, which was higher than the original car. 23%.

Impact of HHO Car Kit on Fuel Economy

Specific fuel consumption is an important indicator to measure the fuel economy of automobiles. The test results show that under medium and low load conditions, after the HHO is increased, the fuel consumption is lower than that of the original vehicle, but when the hydrogen and oxygen concentration continues to increase, the fuel consumption first decreases and then increases. When the speed is 1500rpm, the specific fuel consumption of the original car is 563g/(kWh). With the increase of HHO, the specific fuel consumption drops to 503g/(kWh), which is 10.6% lower than that of the original car. After the HHO exceeds 600ml/min, the specific fuel consumption gradually rises to 556 g/(kWh). When the speed is 2000rpm, the specific fuel consumption decreases from 612g/(kWh) of the original car to 533/(kWh) with the increase of HHO, which is 13% lower than that of the original car. When HHO exceeds 600ml/min, it rises back to 596g/(kWh). Under medium and high load conditions, the specific fuel consumption also decreases first and then increases.

Analysis of the reasons for this phenomenon: With the increase of HHO, hydrogen and oxygen are thoroughly mixed and burned with the fuel, and the fuel combustion efficiency is improved by using the characteristics of the rapid spread of hydrogen flame and the combustion of hydrogen; when the amount of hydrogen and oxygen produced by the HHO car kit reaches 600ml/min, The remaining power provided by the car generator to the HHO car kit has reached the upper limit. If hydrogen production continues to increase, the engine needs to burn more gasoline to provide energy for the generator, and the fuel consumption will also increase. In addition, when the amount of hydrogen and oxygen produced increases, the combustion in the engine cylinder is in an oxygen-rich environment. When the oxygen sensor in the engine exhaust manifold detects that the oxygen concentration exceeds the standard, the fuel injection amount in the next cycle will be increased. The combination of the above two reasons will cause the engine’s specific fuel consumption to increase after the hydrogen production reaches a certain value. The traditional alkaline hydrogen generator does not reduce the fuel consumption of automobiles in practical applications because of its high power (12v; 10A-20A). The PEM hydrogen generator is more suitable as the hydrogen generator of the HHO car kit because of its low power (2v-3.8v; 5A-20A) and high hydrogen production efficiency. If you are interested in the experiment of applying the alkaline electrolyzer to the car, please leave a message below the article.

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